Child Labor Laws in Washington

Washington state enforces child labor laws to protect minors while permitting appropriate work opportunities. These rules are administered by the Washington State Department of Labor & Industries (L&I) under the state’s youth employment statutes. Washington law works in conjunction with federal rules under the FLSA; employers must comply with whichever standard is stricter.

L&I requires that minors be hired only in non-hazardous roles, that work does not conflict with schooling, and that required permits, authorizations, and recordkeeping are maintained. Violations may result in civil penalties or more serious consequences.

Minimum Working Age in Washington

• Under 14 years: Generally not permitted to work in non-agricultural roles. To legally employ someone under 14, employers must obtain court permission via a superior court order.
• Ages 14–15: Eligible to work in non-hazardous, non-manufacturing jobs, subject to strict hour and time restrictions.
• Ages 16–17: Allowed broader work and hours, but still prohibited from performing certain hazardous duties.
• 18 and older: No minor work restrictions apply, treated as adult employees under labor law.

Work Permits & Authorizations for Minors

Washington requires specific authorizations before minors can legally work.

• Minor Work Permit Endorsement: Employers must secure a minor work permit endorsement on their business license via the Department of Revenue (DOR). Once approved by L&I, the business license is reissued with the endorsement and must be posted.
• Parent/School Authorization Forms: When school is in session, a Parent/School Authorization (F700-002-000) must be completed. During summer breaks, use Parent Authorization for Summer Work (F700-168-000). These forms must be kept on file for future reference.
• Proof of Age: Employers must verify and retain proof of age, such as a birth certificate, driver’s license, or a notarized statement from a parent/guardian.
• If a minor changes jobs or the employer changes workplace, a new authorization or permit may be required.

Hour Restrictions for Minors

Washington imposes limits on work hours based on age, the school session, and whether a variance has been granted.

Notes & details:

• Minors under 18 cannot work more than 6 days in a week.
• For 14-15-year-olds, during summer break or non-school weeks, the evening cutoff shifts to 9:00 PM.
• 16–17-year-olds may only work past 10:00 PM on nights before non-school days (e.g., Fridays/Saturdays) or when school is not in session.
• Rest breaks: For every 2 hours worked, a paid 10-minute rest break is required. For shifts longer than 5 hours, a 30-minute meal break must be provided.

Prohibited Duties / Jobs for Minors

Washington state, alongside federal law, prohibits certain job duties for minors under 18. The list is extensive and includes many hazardous tasks.

These tasks are off-limits regardless of whether a parent or guardian employs the minor.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Violating Washington’s child labor laws can lead to serious consequences for employers:

• Civil penalties: The Department of Labor & Industries may assess fines; the exact amount depends on severity and repeat offenses.
• Revocation of Minor Work Permit endorsement: L&I may revoke or suspend an employer’s authority to hire minors if conditions are unsafe or non-compliant.
• Criminal liability: Willful violations may escalate to gross misdemeanor or felony charges, especially if injury or death occurs.
• Federal penalties: Violations of FLSA child labor provisions may bring additional sanctions.

HR Notifications and Documentation

Washington law requires certain records and postings to ensure transparency and compliance.

Employers must also post the labor and youth employment notice(s) in a conspicuous place where minors work.